Demonstration outside Parliament House showing support for Prime Minister Gough Whitlam after dissolution of the Parliament by Governor-General Sir John Kerr.
(NAA: A6180, 13/11/75/40)Contents
Cabinet records represent the top of a three-tier system of Commonwealth government recordkeeping. The other two tiers are the files of the Cabinet Office and Prime Minister's Department, and the records of government departments.
Most Cabinet business was conducted on the basis of formal submissions (also known as memoranda, minutes or agenda). As far as possible, submissions were circulated to all Ministers prior to meetings.
After receiving Cabinet submissions, the Cabinet Office registered them and allocated a unique number. It is the practice in Cabinet Office when a new government accedes to office to close off all series of the current recordkeeping regimen documenting the Cabinet business of the outgoing government, and begin a new series for the business of the incoming government. In general, the first submission received by the Cabinet Office during its term was registered as number 1, with subsequent submissions being allocated consecutive running numbers.
The third Whitlam ministry however, did not follow this practice, and emphasised continuity of office with the preceding second Whitlam ministry by continuing the same numbering sequence for both submissions and decisions. The last submission received by the third Whitlam minsitry was 2058.
The first Fraser ministry recommenced the tradition, as did the second Fraser ministry. Therefore, the first submission received by the second Fraser ministry was registered as Submission No. 1.
Cabinet submissions once lodged could be withdrawn by their originating department or Minister. This could happen because:
In such cases all copies, other than a master copy retained by the Cabinet Office, were required to be returned to the originating department. Withdrawn submissions are not always found in the folders of submissions but can usually be found in the relevant Cabinet Office file.
The Whitlam ministry considered 516 submissions in 1975. These include 69 submissions that were withdrawn before a decision was taken, 12 submissions that were withdrawn after a decision was reached, and 2 submissions that were for information only.
The first Fraser ministry considered 12 submissions in 1975. No submissions were withdrawn. The second Fraser ministry did not consider any formal submissions from its commencement on 22 December to the end of 1975.
The relevant series containing the Cabinet submissions for each ministry in 1975 are:
As for submissions, Cabinet decisions were allocated a unique number in sequence. However, the decision number is not the same as the submission number to which it relates. This is because decisions are not made in order of receipt of submissions and many decisions were made without a submission.
Although much Cabinet business was conducted on the basis of submissions, the Prime Minister could decide to raise, or allow a colleague to raise, a matter without submission. In such cases, the Cabinet decision is the only formal record of such deliberations.
The Whitlam ministry made a total of 1090 decisions in 1975, of which 541 were made without submission. The first Fraser ministry made a total of 29 decisions in 1975, 17 of which were made without submission. The second Fraser ministry made a total of 17 decisions in 1975, all of which were made without submission.
The Cabinet Office was responsible for managing the business and records of the Cabinet and its committees. For example, it registered and circulated submissions, prepared the business lists (the agenda) for Cabinet meetings and drafted the text of Cabinet decisions.
Cabinet Office files contain the originals of the submissions, briefing papers and related decisions. They also contain departmental advice and exchanges between officials and ministers not included in the formal Cabinet papers. There is a file in this series for most submissions.
All the above series can be accessed through RecordSearch, our online records database.
Please note that Cabinet did not consider all the submissions listed on RecordSearch. A number were withdrawn before considered by Cabinet. This is noted by the word 'withdrawn' after the submission title. Occasionally these submissions are not included in the submission series. This is indicated in the lists by words 'not included' or 'copy not held' after the title. In addition, some submission numbers were not used, or were allocated but submissions were not received. This is indicated by the words 'not used' or 'not received' in place of the submission title.
Digital copies of the 1975 submissions and decisions are available to view in RecordSearch. Folders containing copies of 1975 submissions and decisions from these ministeries are also available for public access in the National Archives' Canberra reading room.
In 1975, the Secretary of the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet (J L Menadue), the Deputy Secretary (G J Yeend), the First Assistant Secretary, Cabinet and Legislative Programming Division (R J Linford), the Assistant Secretary, Cabinet (G E Brouwer), the Assistant Secretary, Legislative Programming (B V Cogan) or the Assistant Secretary, Parliamentary (I D Emerton) attended most Cabinet meetings as minute takers.
In general, three secretaries attended full Cabinet meetings, while two attended Cabinet committee meetings. Their role included the recording of proceedings so that minutes accurately reflecting the decisions made or conclusions reached could be prepared. These records of proceedings are referred to as Cabinet notebooks. Under section 22A of the Archives Act 1983, Cabinet notebooks are not available to the public until 50 years have lapsed since their creation, unlike other Commonwealth records that are released after 30 years.
Cabinet notebooks are held in series A11099.
The detailed background papers and earlier drafts of the Cabinet papers can be found on the files of the department that sponsored each Cabinet submission. These papers reveal the detailed deliberations of the Public Service on the topic and often include the opinions and guidance of the responsible Minister. These files can be identified through Archives' finding aids, in particular our online database RecordSearch.
The Archives also holds collections of personal records deposited by people who have been closely associated with the Commonwealth government in an official capacity, such as governors-general, prime ministers and ministers. These records may include official Commonwealth records as well as private or personal records.
Commonwealth records in these collections are subject to the usual access conditions of the Archives Act 1983 and are available 30 years from the date of creation, subject to the exemption of material of continuing sensitivity. Access to non-Commonwealth records in personal records collections is determined by the depositor.
Personal records do not form part of the embargoed release. Access to official records within the collections can be requested from 1 January each year. However, it can take up to 90 days for access examination of the records, to ensure they do not contain any information of continuing sensitivity. Please consult the Archives about the access conditions that apply to the personal records you wish to access.
The National Archives holds an extensive collection of Gough Whitlam's personal records. It comprises almost 100 series of records covering the period from 1952 to 1978. Most were created by Mr Whitlam as Prime Minister and as a member of Parliament.
The records include subject and correspondence files, media releases and speeches, Australian Labor Party material, photographs, audio-tapes, films, invitations and press clippings. Some also relate to Mr Whitlam's activities after he retired from politics.
Although the official records in this collection are not available until 30 years after they were created, access to non-Commonwealth material within the collection may be requested 25 years from the date of creation.
Other sources of information include:
The National Archives of Australia and the University of Melbourne Archives hold extensive collections of Malcolm Fraser’s personal records. RecordSearch lists over 120 series of records covering the period from 1949 to 1989.
Custody of these records is split between the National Archives and the University of Melbourne Archive, with the National Archives holding records created by Mr Fraser as Prime Minister and as a member of Parliament. Official records in the Fraser collection held by the National Archives are available after 30 years.
Other sources of information include:
Read all about the events and issues that made the news in 1975.
There were three ministries and cabinets in 1975:
Members of the three cabinets are listed below. The roles and titles ascribed to them are those held in 1975.
The third Whitlam ministry commenced on 12 June 1974 and remained in place until it was dismissed by the Governor-General of Australia, Sir John Kerr, on 11 November 1975.
The third Whitlam ministry continued the practice that existed before 1956 with all members of the ministry sitting as members of Cabinet. The allocation of portfolios in 1975 is indicated below.
| Minister | Portfolio |
|---|---|
Whitlam, The Hon. Edward Gough, QC | Prime Minister
|
Cairns, The Hon. James Ford | Deputy Prime Minister (to 2.7.1975) Treasurer (to 6.6.1975) Minister for Environment (from 6.6.1975 to 2.7.1975) |
Crean, The Hon. Frank | Deputy Prime Minister (from 14.7.1975) Minister for Overseas Trade |
Connor, The Hon. Reginald Francis Xavier | Minister for Minerals and Energy (to 14.10.1975) |
Hayden, The Hon. William George | Minister for Social Security (to 6.6.1975) Treasurer (from 6.6.1975) |
Wriedt, Senator the Hon. Kenneth Shaw | Minister for Minerals and Energy (from 14.10.1975) Minister for Agriculture (to 21.10.1975) Leader of the Government in the Senate |
Willesee, Senator the Hon. Donald Robert | Minister for Foreign Affairs |
Daly, The Hon. Frederick Michael | Minister for Services and Property (to 7.10.1975) Minister for Administrative Services (from 7.10.1975) Leader of the House |
McClelland, Senator the Hon. Douglas | Minister for the Media (to 6.6.1975) Special Minister of State (from 6.6.1975) Manager of Government Business in the Senate |
Patterson, The Hon. Rex Alan | Minister for Agriculture (from 21.10.1975) Minister for Northern Development (to 6.6.1975) Minister for the Northern Territory (to 6.6.1975) Minister for Northern Australia (from 6.6.1975 to 21.10.1975) |
Barnard, The Hon. Lance Herbert | Minister for Defence (to 6.6.1975) |
Cameron, The Hon. Clyde Robert | Minister for Labor and Immigration (to 6.6.1975) Minister for Science and Consumer Affairs (from 6.6.1975) |
Beazley, The Hon. Kim Edward | Minister for Education |
Bowen, The Hon. Lionel Frost | Special Minister of State (to 6.6.1975) Minister for Manufacturing Industry (from 6.6.1975) Minister Assisting the Prime Minister in Matters Relating to the Public Service (to 6.6.1975) |
Wheeldon, Senator the Hon. John Murray | Minister for Social Security (from 6.6.1975) Minister for Repatriation and Compensation |
Uren, The Hon. Thomas | Minister for Urban and Regional Development |
Bishop, Senator the Hon. Reginald | Postmaster-General Minister Assisting the Minister for Defence (from 6.6.1975) |
Johnson, The Hon. Leslie Royston | Minister for Housing and Construction (to 6.6.1975) Minister for Aboriginal Affairs (from 6.6.1975) |
Jones, The Hon. Charles Keith | Minister for Transport |
Everingham, The Hon. Douglas | Minister for Health |
Enderby, The Hon. Keppel Earl QC | Minister for Manufacturing Industry (to 10.2.1975) Attorney-General (from 10.2.1975) Minister for Customs and Excise (from 10.2.1975 to 27.3.1975) Minister for Police and Customs (from 27.3.1975 to 6.6.1975) |
McClelland, Senator the Hon. James Robert | Minister for Manufacturing Industry (from 10.2.1975 to 6.6.1975) Minister for Labor and Immigration (from 6.6.1975) Minister Assisting the Prime Minister in Matters Relating to the Public Service (from 6.6.1975) |
Bryant, The Hon. Gordon Munro ED | Minister for the Capital Territory |
Cass, The Hon. Moses Henry | Minister for the Environment and Conservation (to 21.4.1975) Minister for Environment (from 21.4.175 to 6.6.1975) Minister for the Media (from 6.6.1975) |
Cavanagh, Senator the Hon. James Luke | Minister for Police and Customs (from 6.6.1975) Minister for Aboriginal Affairs (to 6.6.1975) |
Morrison, The Hon. William Lawrence | Minister for Defence (from 6.6.1975) Minister for Science (to 6.6.1975) Minister Assisting the Minister for Foreign Affairs in Matters Relating to Papua New Guinea (to 6.7.1975) Minister Assisting the Minister for Defence (to 6.6.1975) Minister for Foreign Affairs in Matters Relating to the Islands of the Pacific (from 6.7.1975) Minister for Science and Consumer Affairs (from 6.6.1975) |
Stewart, The Hon. Francis Eugene | Minister for Tourism and Recreation Vice-President of Executive Council Minister Assisting the Treasurer Minister Assisting the Minister for Social Security and Minister for Repatriation and Compensation (from 6.6.1975) |
Riordan, The Hon. Joseph Martin | Minister for Housing and Construction (from 6.6.1975) Minister Assisting the Minister for Urban and Regional Development (from 6.6.1975) |
Berinson, The Hon. Joseph Max | Minister for Environment (from 14.7.1975) |
Murphy, The Hon. Lionel Keith | Attorney-General (to 10.2.1975) Minister for Customs and Excise (to 10.2.1975) |
Keating, The Hon. Paul John | Minister for Northern Australia (from 21.10.1975) |
The first Fraser ministry was appointed by Governor-General, Sir John Kerr, in a caretaker role upon the dismissal of the third Whitlam ministry on 11 November 1975. It remained in place until a double dissolution election on 13 December 1975. The allocation of portfolios for this period in 1975 is indicated below.
| Minister | Portfolio |
|---|---|
Fraser, The Rt Hon. John Malcolm PC | Prime Minister |
Anthony, The Rt Hon. John Douglas PC | Deputy Prime Minister Minister for Overseas Trade Minister for Minerals and Energy |
Lynch, The Hon. Phillip Reginald | Treasurer |
Sinclair, The Hon. Ian McCahon | Minister for Agriculture Minister for Northern Australia |
Withers, Senator the Hon. Reginald Greive | Special Minister of State Minister for the Capital Territory Minister for Media Minister for Tourism and Recreation Vice-President of the Executive Council |
Greenwood, Senator the Hon. Ivor John QC | Attorney-General Minister for Police and Customs |
Cotton, Senator the Hon. Robert Carrington | Minister for Manufacturing Industry Minister for Science and Consumer Affairs |
Nixon, The Hon. Peter James | Minister for Transport Postmaster-General |
Peacock, The Hon. Andrew Sharp | Minister for Foreign Affairs Minister for Environment |
Chipp, The Hon. Donald Leslie | Minister for Social Security Minister for Health Minister for Repatriation and Compensation |
Killen, The Hon. Denis James | Minister for Defence |
Drake-Brockman, The Hon. Thomas Charles | Minister for Aboriginal Affairs Minister for Administrative Services |
Carrick, Senator the Hon. John Leslie | Minister for Housing and Construction Minister for Urban and Regional Development |
Street, The Hon. Anthony Austin | Minister for Labour and Immigration |
Guilfoyle, Senator the Hon. Margaret Georgina Constance | Minister for Education |
The second Fraser ministry, which commenced on 22 December 1975, remained in place until a general election on 10 December 1977.
With the swearing in of the Fraser ministry on 22 December 1975, the practice was reintroduced whereby the Cabinet comprised some but not all members of the ministry. The practice has been continued by all subsequent ministries. The allocation of portfolios in 1975 is indicated below.
| Minister | Portfolio |
|---|---|
Fraser, The Rt Hon. John Malcolm PC | Prime Minister |
Anthony, The Rt Hon. John Douglas PC | Deputy Prime Minister Minister for National Resources Minister for Overseas Trade |
Lynch, The Hon. Phillip Reginald | Treasurer |
Sinclair, The Hon. Ian McCahon | Minister for Primary Industry Leader of the House |
Withers, Senator the Hon. Reginald Greive | Minister for Administrative Services Vice-President of the Executive Council Leader of the Government in the Senate |
Greenwood, Senator the Hon. Ivor John QC | Minister for Environment, Housing and Community Development |
Cotton, Senator the Hon. Robert Carrington | Minister for Industry and Commerce |
Street, The Hon. Anthony Austin | Minister for Employment and Industrial Relations Minister Assisting the Prime Minister in Public Service Matters |
Nixon, The Hon. Peter James | Minister for Transport |
Carrick, Senator the Hon. John Leslie | Minister for Education Minister Assisting the Prime Minister in Federal Affairs |
Peacock, The Hon. Andrew Sharp | Minister for Foreign Affairs |
Killen, The Hon. Denis James | Minister for Defence |
Guilfoyle, Senator the Hon. Margaret Georgina Constance | Minister for Social Security Minister Assisting the Prime Minister in Child Care Matters |
Cabinet committees were first formally established by Prime Minister Robert Menzies in 1950. Their role was to assist Cabinet to make decisions more expeditiously and efficiently by:
having a committee of Ministers sift through the issues and the facts and present Cabinet with a clear recommendation for action; and relieving Cabinet of much business of lesser importance.
The 1975 committees of the Whitlam Cabinet were:
| Cabinet committee | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
Ad Hoc Committees | AD HOC |
Expenditures Review Committee | ERC |
Legislation Committee | LEG |
Resources Committee | CCR |
Australian/State/Regional Relations Committee | ASR |
Decisions made by a committee are indicated by the addition of the committee abbreviation to the decision number.
The first Fraser ministry did not form any committees, and the second Fraser ministry's committees did not meet in 1975.
Some of the political figures in Australia in 1975 who are listed below are still active in the community. The roles and titles ascribed to them are those held in 1975.
| Minister | Electorate and portfolio |
|---|---|
Beazley, The Hon. Kim Edward | MHR for Fremantle, WA
|
Berinson, Joseph Max | MHR for Perth, WA
|
Bowen, The Hon. Lionel Frost | MHR for Kingsford-Smith, NSW
|
Cameron, The Hon. Clyde Robert | MHR for Hindmarsh, SA
|
Cass, The Hon. Moses Henry | MHR for Maribyrnong, Vic
|
Crean, The Hon. Frank | MHR for Melbourne Ports, Vic
|
Enderby, The Hon. Keppel Earl, QC | MHR for the Australian Capital Territory
|
Hayden, The Hon. William George | MHR for Oxley, Qld
|
Keating, Paul John | MHR for Blaxland, NSW
|
McClelland, Senator the Hon. Douglas | Senator for New South Wales
|
Patterson, The Hon. Rex Alan | MHR for Dawson, QLD
|
Uren, The Hon. Thomas | MHR for Reid, NSW
|
Whitlam, The Hon. Edward Gough, QC | MHR for Werriwa, NSW
|
Wriedt, Senator the Hon. Kenneth Shaw | Senator for Tasmania
|
| Public servant | Department |
|---|---|
Bailey, Peter Hamilton | Deputy Secretary, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet |
Brouwer, George Eugene | Assistant Secretary, Cabinet, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet |
Freudenberg, Graham | Special Advisor (Press Relations) to the Prime Minister |
Hewitt, Sir Cyrus Lenox, OBE | Secretary, Department of Minerals and Energy |
Lawler, Peter, OBE | Secretary, Department of the Special Minister of State |
Menadue, John | Secretary, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet |
Reid, Elizabeth | Adviser to the Prime Minister |
Spigelman, Hon. James | Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister |
Stone, John | Deputy Secretary (Economic), Department of the Treasury |
These documents have been selected to illustrate the major topics discussed by the Whitlam and Fraser Cabinets during 1975. The documents are arranged by topic. Introductory notes to each subject division highlight the major issues discussed by Cabinet, and outline why these documents are pertinent to that topic.
The documents have been selected from the records included in the 1975 Cabinet records release. This included Cabinet submissions (A5915, A12908, A12909), Cabinet decisions (A5925, A13050, A13075) and the related Cabinet files (A5931, A10756). The record from which the document was selected is indicated in square brackets after the document title in the list of contents preceding each chapter. For example:
Notes on Cabinet submission 2002 [A5931, CL683 Part 2; p. 150]
The above document was selected from the Cabinet file 'A5931, CL683 Part 2'. It is located at page 150 of the file. Additional relevant documents may be held in this file.
A full set of reference copies of the 1975 Cabinet submissions and decisions is held in the Cabinet room within the Canberra reading room. Related Cabinet files (in series A5931 and A10756) may also be requested for viewing in the Canberra reading room.
Click on an image to view an enlargement, or use links in the right-hand column to download the key documents in PDF (portable document format). To view PDFs, you will need AdobeAcrobat Reader.
| Subject | ||
|---|---|---|
The economy | Grim economic prospects | |
1975–76 Budget strategy | ||
Tightening the belt | ||
Industrial relations | ||
Land rights | The question of compensation | |
Queensland reserves | ||
Aboriginal Land (Northern Territory) Bill | ||
International Women’s Year | ||
Environmental protection | ||
Cyclone Tracy | Assistance to public servants | |
Compensation | ||
Re-building Darwin | ||
An obstructive Senate | ||
The caretaker government | ||
The following table lists the key people referred to in the selected documents. Others may be identified by consulting the Australian Government Directory 1975 and the Australian Parliamentary Handbook, nineteenth edition, 1975.
Attwood, Mr NJ | First Assistant Commissioner, Development Division, Public Service Board |
Bjelke-Petersen, The Hon. Johannes (Joh) | Premier of Queensland (1968–87) |
Bonner, Senator Neville Thomas | Senator for Queensland |
Brazil, Mr P | First Assistant Secretary, Advisings Division, Attorney-General’s Department |
Brice, Mr FJ | Assistant Secretary, Welfare Division, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet |
Cairns, The Hon. James Ford | Deputy Prime Minister (to 2.7.1975)
|
Cameron, The Hon. Clyde Robert | Minister for Labor and Immigration (to 6.6.1975)
|
Cargill, Mr R | Clerk, Public Service Board |
Cass, The Hon. Henry Moses (Moss) | Minister for the Environment and Conservation (to 21.4.1975)
|
Cavanagh, Senator the Hon. James Luke | Minister for Aboriginal Affairs (to 6.6.1975)
|
Child, Mrs Gloria Joan Liles | Member for Henty (Vic), 1974–75 |
Connor, The Hon Reginald (Rex) Francis Xavier | Minister for Minerals and Energy (to 14.10.1975)
|
Court, The Hon. Sir Charles OBE MLA | Premier of Western Australia |
Crean, The Hon. Frank | Treasurer (1972–74) |
Davey, Mr RC | Acting First Assistant Secretary, Social Security Division, Department of the Treasury |
Emerton, Mr ID | Assistant Secretary, Government Division, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet |
Enderby, The Hon. Keppel Earl QC | Minister for Manufacturing Industry (to 10.2.1975)
|
Fraser, The Rt. Hon. John Malcolm | Leader of the Opposition (to 11.11.1975)
|
Gorton, The Rt. Hon. John Grey | Member for Higgins, 1968–75 |
Haupt, Mr SJ | Public Service Board Inspector, Northern Territory |
Hayden, The Hon William (Bill) George | Minister for Social Security (to 6.6.1975)
|
Hickey, Mr J | Assistant Secretary, Development Division, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet |
Johnson, The Hon. Leslie Royston | Minister for Housing and Construction (to 6.6.1975)
|
Kruger, Mr H | Clerk, Department of the Northern Territory |
Lynch, The Rt. Hon. Phillip Reginald | Treasurer (from 12.11.1975) |
McClelland, Senator the Hon. Douglas | Minister for the Media (to 6.6.1975)
|
McClelland, Senator the Hon. James Robert | Minister for Manufacturing Industry (from 10.2.1975 to 6.6.1975)
|
Menadue, Mr John | Secretary, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet |
Moore, The Hon. Mr Justice John C | President, Australian Conciliation and Arbitration Commission |
Morrison, The Hon. William Lawrence | Minister for Defence (from 6.6.1975 to 11.11.1975) |
Munro, Mr DJ | Deputy Secretary, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet |
Nichols, Mr George | Clerk, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet |
O’Brien, Mr TA (Alan) | Secretary, Department of the Northern Territory |
O’Shea, Mr | Clerk, Public Service Board |
Patterson, The Hon Rex Alan | Minister for Agriculture (from 21.10.1975)
|
Ponsford, Mr AM | Acting Assistant Secretary, Welfare Division, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet |
Reid, Ms Elizabeth | Advisor to the Prime Minister on Women’s Affairs |
Sligar, Mr DN | Advisor to the Minister for Education |
Stebbins, Mr JS | Secretary, Joint Council, Public Service Board |
Tynan, Mr R | Welfare Division, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet |
Uren, The Hon. Thomas (Tom) | Minister for Urban and Regional Development (to 11.11.75) |
Visbord, Mr EMW | First Assistant Secretary, Economic Division, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet |
Wheeldon, The Hon. John | Minister for Repatriation and Compensation |
Whitlam, The Hon. Edward Gough, QC | Prime Minister of Australia (to 11.11.1975) |
Whitlam, Margaret | Wife of Prime Minister Gough Whitlam |
Woodrow, Mr J | Assistant Commissioner, Employment Conditions Division, Public Service Board, |
Woodward, The Hon. Mr Justice Albert E | Judge, Australian Industrial Court |
Yeend, Mr GJ | Deputy Secretary, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet |
Young, Mr RJ | Deputy Commissioner, Public Service Board |
Young, Mr Michael Jerome | Member for Port Adelaide (SA) |